From Chatbots to AI Agents: The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Systems. 1 . Introduction Imagine asking a digital system to organize a research project. A traditional chatbot might explain how to conduct the research. An AI assistant might help create a research plan, summarize papers, or draft questions. A more advanced AI agent can potentially break the objective into smaller tasks, search approved information sources, analyze documents, use software tools, produce intermediate results, and continue working toward a defined goal. That difference represents one of the most important developments in modern artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has moved through several major stages. Early systems relied heavily on predefined rules. Later systems learned statistical patterns from data. Machine learning and deep learning dramatically expanded their ability to recogniz...
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